The Plato of the Apology - 517 Words

Western philosophy, beginning with the dialogues of Plato, is premised upon both the rejection of the artform of tragedy and the rejection of experiences and events considered to be tragic. This general and far-reaching exclusion of the tragic originates from Plato’s dissension made in The Republic of the normative claims defined by nearly all tragic and epic poetry regarding the question of how a human being should live. Tragedy, merely by being tragedy, expresses the following evaluative commitments regarding human life: One, events beyond the agent’s control have the ability to play a major role in her ability to lead an ethical and moral life. Two, tragedy validates forming emotional attachments to people and objects beyond the agent’s control. And three, sympathy, fear, and pity for the tragic hero demonstrate the recognition of certain ethical truths, truths which may be applied to everyday life of the audience members. Plato flatly denies all three of thes e claims. The Plato of The Apology states that a good person cannot be harmed. The good person is self-sufficient. Both uncontrollable events and the fate of external objects or people have no effect on the virtuous person. She remains virtuous no matter the circumstances. Additionally, returning to The Republic, Plato denies the cognitive value of emotions. Thinking connected to the emotions necessarily focuses on the immediate, the finite, and the uncontrollable, and, therefore, the false. Poetry must be bannedShow MoreRelatedPlatos Apology1219 Words   |  5 PagesPlato’s Apology, is by far one of the most logical yet critical thinking text that I have ever read. Plato describes Socrates, the accused atheist and corrupter of youth in ancient Athens, as a true beacon of ethics and morality. The method that Plato uses to depict Socrates on trial gives us a look back on how the trial of a man who encourages one of sound mind to ask questions even to those who are deemed wis e in the eyes of others. Despite facing odds that are stacked highly against him, and thisRead MorePlato s Apology And The Apology1591 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I will discuss how Plato s Apology and Phaedo have difference ideas of what it means to be a philosopher. I will explain how in the Apology, the philosopher is wise in how he/she understand that they are wise because they know that they don t know, and in Phadeo the philosopher knowledgable and are concern in gaining more knowledge. In Plato s Apology we learn about Socrates life and who he really is. In platos Apology a philosopher is a wise person because he understands thatRead MorePlato Apology2098 Words   |  9 PagesCritical Analysis of The Apology of Socrates by Plato Socrates was an orator and philosopher whose primary interests were logic, ethics and epistemology. In Plato’s Apology of Socrates, Plato recounts the speech that Socrates gave shortly before his death, during the trial in 399 BC in which he was charged with corrupting the young, and by not believing in the  gods  in whom the city believes, also being a busybody and intervene gods business. The name of the work itself is not mean what it isRead MoreThe Apology Of Plato s Apology982 Words   |  4 Pages In the â€Å"Apology,† Socrates seems disobedient, disrespectful and even boastful as he speaks to the magistracy. In â€Å"Crito,† however, Socrates is found sleeping soundly as he patiently awaits his punishment – death. It seems that Plato’s works paint two entirely contradicting portraits of his mentor. Yet, it was not a contradiction for Socrates to refuse Crito’s help to leave Athens and avoid punishment, because the alternative pe nalties or escape would compromise Socrates lifestyle, and since he failedRead MoreApology, By Plato s Apology1298 Words   |  6 Pagesknowing you know nothing.† In â€Å"Apology,† written by Plato, this ethical belief makes a bold appearance demonstrating that true ignorance only revolves around those who think that they know everything. In â€Å"Apology,† Socrates learns that the wisest men are those who do not think of themselves of wise, and rather make an approach of going beyond an authentic method of inquiry and helping others seek their personal philosophies which may result in conflict. In Plato’s â€Å"Apology,† Socrates demonstrates thatRead MorePlato And Plato s The Apology1623 Words   |  7 Pagesmore interested in determining how the world worked and its origins/cosmology, as oppose to philosophers such as Plato And Socrates who focused more on ethics or morality. Plato’s conception of God and religion can be depicted in his literatures â€Å"Euthyphro† and â€Å"The Apology† which he expresses through his writings of Socrates in dialogue formation. While one may assume that both Plato and Socrates shared analogous notions of God and religion it is impossible to truly know given the Socratic problemRead MoreThe Apology Of Plato Apology983 Words   |  4 PagesAt the beginning of The Apology, Socrates is directly speaking to the jury in Athens. In the beginning of the apology Socrates speaks of accusations that have been made against him throughout his life. There seems to be two different kinds of accusations. The first being biases accusations that have been made on throughout his past and the other being recent accusations. Socrates explains he was accused of being, â€Å" a wise man, a student of all things in the sky and below the earth, who makes theRead MoreSocrates Apology Of Plato s Apology981 Words   |  4 PagesPart I: Essay Outline Question #2 At 23b of Plato s Apology Socrates claims to be wiser than his interlocutors because, unlike them, he does not think he knows what he does not know. Question: Is this self-assessment genuinely meaningful or is it merely clever word play? Thesis Statement: I think Socrates’ message behind his speech to his interlocutors was to both state his superior wisdom and gain the attention while doing so. Outline I. Introduction A. Opening Statement 1. What is wisdomRead MoreThe Apology And Phaedo By Plato Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pages The Apology and Phaedo by Plato are two different books describing what is like to be a philosopher per Socrates believes. These two books take place in two different scenarios in Socrates’ life, The Apology takes place in a court room where Socrates is to defend himself from false charges brought to him by Meletus who is acting as the prosecutor. Phaedo, on the other hand, takes place in a prison cell post judgment on the day of Socrates execution. Hence, The Apology and Phaedo appeared to displayRead MoreThe Reading Of Apology By Plato1282 Words   |  6 Pagesso many trials, but in the end, he stayed true to his faith and never doubted the Lord. Another example of this fortitude is in the reading of Apology by Plato. This story is great because it shows how wise Socrates actually was, and despite the fact that he was put on trial he lived by his teachings and never faltered. Even though the Book of Job and Apology were written during different eras in history both teach those bad things do happen to good people and when they do, it’s admirable to stand

Ergonomics Is A Scientific Discipline That Deals With...

Ergonomics is a scientific discipline that deals with the research and understanding between the interaction of humans and other elements of a socio-technical system. It involves conducting research into human: social, psychological, physical and biological characteristics, and using this information to optimize human performance, safety, habitability and health with regard to the design and evaluation of tasks, products, environments and jobs in a performance system (James H. and Stramler, 1993) to make them compatible with humans abilities, needs and limitations. The ergonomics discipline promotes a human-centered and holistic approach to system design, which considers physical, cognitive, social, organizational, environmental, and other†¦show more content†¦According to Carroll (cognitive view), there are two aspects of system design (Carroll, 1991). The first is â€Å"the process† of the design. Ergonomists want to determine how it is that people devise new system s, and what individual/group factors were involved in making all the decisions involved in the construct of a system (Paul R. Martin, 2011). Secondly, design requires innovation, and requires ergonomists to â€Å"proactively† supply empirical data for the future design of systems, thus improving the levels of human performance and acceptance of new artefacts (Paul R. Martin, 2011). User-centred design in technological innovation The concept of user-centred design was developed during the 1980 ÃŒ s in the design of technologies (The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering, 2013). The aim of user-centred design is to describe how a human will interact with a system from a cognitive science view. These characteristics will then be shared between the cognitive ergonomists and engineers in the design process of new systems. Six important aspects of technological system design (ticket machine): (1) Visibility This system is usually placed in an area, which is crowded, and â€Å"busy†, thus it must be easily seen. People in crowded placed are usually placed under stress. If the system isn’t seen on first glance, the user will rather go to the ticket desk. (2) Physical Design The look and shape

Critical Analysis of Diverse Information Needs Of the Managers

Question: Explain Critical Analysis Of Diverse Information Needs Of The Managers? Answer: Introduction This report has emphasised on management accounting and information related to this field of study for providing facts and applications in practice. The report has described the major processes and techniques of the management accounting system, which are used in practice by the managers internally for gathering information of the organisation. The report has explained the application of management accounting system to use the organisational resources effectively and efficiently. Further, this report has presented a critical analysis of diverse information needs for decision-making of the managers in the firms. The report has described the application of management accounting to enhance the customers and shareholders' value. The report has provided a real life example by evaluating the same of BHP Billiton. Description of major processes and techniques used in management accounting system Management accounting is applied as an accounting system for delivering specialised information to drive the resource of the business appropriately (Macintosh Quattrone, 2010). The author has defined that management accounting system is capable of capturing internal organisational information for the managerial decision-making activities. In this regard, Drury (2013) has argued that there are several tools and techniques are used by the managers to gather information accurately. Further, the author has observed that management accounting system allows the managers functioning properly by communicating with meaningful economic and financial information. The tools of management accounting system are as follows: Financial planning Financial planning is an important tool for resource utilisation and progressive results in future. The significance of this tool is high as finance has a role to play in the decision-making of the managers (Fleischman et al. 2010). This is a process of projecting the financial outcome in advance by the managers for balancing the fund flows of the operation. Statistical analysis According to Agbejule (2011), accounting data can be large enough for a company. Hence, the managers need to arrange this information in a systematic and logical order for drawing reliable and valid conclusions for a population of data. Such analysis helps the manager to make the decision easily confronting each difficulty of the operation. Cost accounting Cost accounting of a company provides all the cost classification and analysis of the same (Malmi Granlund, 2009). The author has stated that this system helps the manager to control and reduce the cost of the optimum profit margin of the business. Standard costing Management accounting of a company can control the operation through standard costing technique where major activities can be operated within the estimated cost. Cinquini and Tenucci (2010) has argued that standard costing technique provides a target cost of the departments where the managers have to check the variance of the actual cost with the projected cost of important activities of the business. Marginal costing The process of marginal costing helps the manager to determine the unit cost of the production and other important activities. Such technique helps to control the variable cost of the operation for determining the price of the products (Etemadi et al. 2009). Budgetary control This control refers to control the major activities of the business (Hopper et al. 2009). The author has stated that budget is prepared in advance for every major activity of the business so that managers can obtain a fresh target for the future. Fund flow analysis The fund flow analysis of the business can deliver the changes in financial analysis of the business from time to time. The information of fund flow shows the deficiency of financial control of a business. Management reporting Management reporting of a business helps the decision-makers with controlling the financial system (Ajibolade et al. 2010). The author has stated that management accountant can communicate through the management reporting to all the stakeholders. Analysis of financial system The financial statement analysis provides the advantage of evaluating the actual performance of the business. Further, financial statement analysis provides the accumulated information regarding the business from the basic sources. There are many financial statement analyses such as ratio, common size, comparative financial statement, trend analysis and fund flow statement (Li et al. 2012). Application of management accounting information system to use organisational resources The management accounting system has the access to all the information of the business operation. Therefore, such access helps the management to create a managerial accounting information system in practice for controlling and utilising the resources efficiently (Woods, 2009). The author has observed that majority of the companies have developed enterprise resource planning for maximum application and utilisation of such resources. The objective of such enterprise resource system is to efficiently use all the resources in the company (Ward, 2012). According to the author, the management accounting helps the managers to design the enterprise information system as well as helps the managers in decision-making activities effectively. The management accounting provides information on resources, costing and the financial details of the managers. Therefore, this accounting system feeds an enterprise resource system with all types of business information such as the cost of the resources, q uality of decision-making and controlling the inventories of the operation (Sori, 2009). The management accounting helps the managers to contribute with information such as the cost of the raw materials, activities of the operation and others. In such way, a manager can decide on resource planning by controlling the inventories. According to Horngren (2009), the managerial accounting system contributes to reducing the time of ordering new inventories. Thus, a company can order unlimited numbers of orders about a raw material within a period of operation. Moreover, such accounting information helps to reduce the cash utilisation due to over ordering of the inventories. In such way, the management accounting system helps to reduce the working capital cost of the business (Chapman Kihn, 2009). Further, this accounting information system provides the opportunity of utilising the inventories in an efficient way so that optimum outcome of the resources can be obtained in production. Critical analysis of diverse information needs of the managers The information can be classified by three different constructs classification by characteristics, by application and by management hierarchy. The managers need all of this information for decision-making in different levels. The classification of information can be segregated into three categories again strategic, tactical and operational information. Hall (2010) has argued that the characteristics of information provide strategic information to the top management of the business whereas tactical information helps the middle-level managers to control the operation. The strategic information helps the managers to make a decision regarding policy making for a long duration. However, Grabski (2011) has stated that tactical information is necessary for the business as such data provides deep insights to the target of the business from time to time, budgeting, quality control, controlling inventory and production. Another characteristic of information is operational information, which is used for implementing all types of plan to meet the business objectives and goals. Ward (2012) has found that classification by application is necessary for the managers for decision-making in business activities. These are planning, controlling, knowledge, organisational, functional and database information. Planning information is required for the managers in a different level of activities such as strategic, tactical and operational planning. The controlling information is necessary for the attainment and utilisation of important process of a system. Malmi Granlund (2009) has argued that knowledge is information that helps the companies to build the new leaders as well as evaluate the trend of the business. However, the author has said that the management can use the organisational level information for enhancing the knowledge of the managers for internal evaluations. Functional information helps to make a decision on daily activities of a business (Woods, 2009). Li et al. (2012) has found that different types of information help the managers from different hierarchies for making decision about the business. Therefore, the managerial accounting information system acquires all these types of information of a business for the internal managers. According to Hopper et al. (2009), management accounting system can capture and present the diversified information regarding strategic, tactical and operations of a business to all the hierarchies of the management. Therefore, the managers of every level can make a useful decision in business activities to meet the objectives of the firm. The accounting system is connected with the resource management as well as other activities of the business. Therefore, an accounting system delivers the diverse information to the managers for planning and executing properly (Horngren, 2009). The managers obtain information related to production, supply chain, inventory control, costing of materials, operational cost, capital expenditure and working efficiency of different departments in this information system. The author has argued that management information system contains diverse information for integrating activities of different departments of a firm. Description on enhanced customer and shareholder value The managerial decisions are based on three activities investment, business and financing decisions. According to Shih et al. (2010), investment decision and financing decisions are based on value drivers, which have no direct impact on operational activities. However, the author has observed that business decisions are based on the value drivers of sales, profit, pricing, cost management, inventory management and operational efficiency. The value drivers of investment decisions are working capital, capital investment, expansion and others whereas the same for financing decisions are capital structure, dividend policy, tax rate and interest rate. Hence, a company must seek for all these information to maximise the shareholders value. As opined by Anandarajan et al. (2012), information regarding all of these value drivers is present in management accounting system as this system allows the manager to obtain strategic, tactical and operational data. Therefore, management information s ystem helps the managers to take the right decision at different points of business both for long and short-term. The operational and investment decisions influence the cash flow of the business whereas financing decisions guide the cost of capital. Mara et al. (2010) have observed that accounting information system can track and indicate important aspects to the managers for enhancing the impact on cash flow and cost of capital. Thus, change in the impact on the cost of capital and cash flow change the shareholders value at the end. The customer value is created by adding values to the products or the service. The author has expressed that management must look after the desires of the customers as meeting these desires are the main offer in the customers value. Therefore, the goal of the management accountant becomes to enhance the quality of the product for adding values for the customers. further, the management must consider changing the design of products and services for creating customers' values. The management accountant must provide the details in the financial report regarding the impact of the innovations on the business (Simons, 2013). Moreover, this accounting system can monitor the enhanced values to the customers by applying the tool, quality function deployment on daily basis. Improvement of customer value and shareholders value of BHP Billiton BHP Billiton is an Australian mining company that is creating values for the shareholders and customers consistently. The annual report of the company presents the operational, financial and financing values created for the shareholders throughout the year. The financial statements of the company are presented in a comparative manner with details analysis of the top management so that investors can understand the current situation as well as the future condition of the firm. Additionally, the performance summary of the business indicates the safety issues by measuring the recordable injuries in operational fields. The report also provides the current capital structure and business decision by disclosing the dividends, revenue and profit loss of the periods ("BHP Billiton | Downloads", 2017). The company is in the business of mining iron ore, coal, gold and other minerals. Therefore, the quality of these minerals and natural elements are creating essential infrastructure, energy suppl ies and other factors for contributing towards higher living standards of many people in all over the world. Further, the management has strong supply chain network globally for supplying these natural ores to the customers on time. Accuracy in the supply chain is creating values for the customers in the B2B business model. Conclusion The report concludes that management accounting system is important for decision-making of the managers. The managers have to apply some of the techniques and tools for gathering all the information related to the business. Further, this report has explained the application of management accounting system for resource allocation and inventory controlling effectively. The critical analysis of diverse information of a company has provided brief understanding on types of information is required for a manager for decision-making in different levels of the business. The accounting information system is helpful in creating values to the shareholders and customers of a business by reporting the accurate information in the annual report. References Agbejule, A. (2011). Organizational culture and performance: the role of management accounting system. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 12(1), 74-89. Ajibolade, S. O., Arowomole, S. S. A., Ojikutu, R. K. (2010). MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS, PERCEIVED ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY AND COMPANIES'PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA. International Journal of Academic Research, 2(1). Anandarajan, M., Anandarajan, A., Srinivasan, C. A. (Eds.). (2012). Business intelligence techniques: a perspective from accounting and finance. Springer Science Business Media. BHP Billiton | Downloads. (2017). BHP Billiton. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.bhpbilliton.com/investor-centre/annual-reporting-2016/downloads Chapman, C. S., Kihn, L. A. (2009). Information system integration, enabling control and performance. Accounting, organizations and society, 34(2), 151-169. Cinquini, L., Tenucci, A. (2010). Strategic management accounting and business strategy: a loose coupling?. Journal of Accounting organizational change, 6(2), 228-259. DRURY, C. M. (2013). Management and cost accounting. Springer. Etemadi, H., Dilami, Z. D., Bazaz, M. S., Parameswaran, R. (2009). Culture, management accounting and managerial performance: focus Iran. Advances in accounting, 25(2), 216-225. Fleischman, G., Walker, K., Johnson, E. (2010). A field study of user versus provider perceptions of management accounting system services. International Journal of Accounting Information Management, 18(3), 252-285. Grabski, S. V., Leech, S. A., Schmidt, P. J. (2011). A review of ERP research: A future agenda for accounting information systems. Journal of information systems, 25(1), 37-78. Hall, M. (2010). Accounting information and managerial work. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35(3), 301-315. Hopper, T., Tsamenyi, M., Uddin, S., Wickramasinghe, D. (2009). Management accounting in less developed countries: what is known and needs knowing. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 22(3), 469-514. Horngren, C. T. (2009). Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis, 13/e. Pearson Education India. Li, X., Sawhney, R., Arendt, E. J., Ramasamy, K. (2012). A comparative analysis of management accounting systems impact on lean implementation. International Journal of Technology Management, 57(1/2/3), 33-48. Macintosh, N. B., Quattrone, P. (2010). Management accounting and control systems: An organizational and sociological approach. John Wiley Sons. Malmi, T., Granlund, M. (2009). In search of management accounting theory. European Accounting Review, 18(3), 597-620. Mara Dez, J., Lizet Ochoa, M., Begona Prieto, M., Santidrin, A. (2010). Intellectual capital and value creation in Spanish firms. Journal of intellectual capital, 11(3), 348-367. Shih, K. H., Chang, C. J., Lin, B. (2010). Assessing knowledge creation and intellectual capital in banking industry. Journal of intellectual capital, 11(1), 74-89. Simons, R. (2013). Performance Measurement and Control Systems for Implementing Strategy Text and Cases: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Sori, Z. M. (2009). Accounting information systems (AIS) and knowledge management: a case study. American Journal of Scientific Research, 4(4), 36-44. Ward, K. (2012). Strategic management accounting. Routledge. Woods, M. (2009). A contingency theory perspective on the risk management control system within Birmingham City Council. Management Accounting Research, 20(1), 69-81.

Laugh and Be Merry free essay sample

Laugh and be merry for the world is a much better place with a happy song and to live in a world that is ready to blow in the teeth of wrong; we must not only rejoice but also be active in attacking evil. Laugh and give no place to sorrow or to worries for the time is brief, a thread a length of span; about nine inches: the distance between the tip of the thump and the tip of the little finger when the hand is fully spread out, i. e. life is short and like a thread is easily lost. Laugh sincerely and hopefully to be proud enough to belong to the old pageant of man; procession with a spectacular display in celebration of a holiday. Recall the ancient times, when God made Heaven and Earth for joy he took in a rhyme; identity in sound of some part: a word agreeing with another in terminal sound: verse or poetry having correspondence in the terminal sounds of the lines: a poem or piece of verse having such correspondence; He made them both and filled them with the strong red wine; a common symbol of joy in most poetry; of His mirth; gaiety or jollity, esp. We will write a custom essay sample on Laugh and Be Merry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page hen accompanied by laughter: amusement or laughter; because of the splendid joy of the stars and the earth, we must laugh and drink from the deep blue cup of the sky; get all the enjoyment we can by watching the sky, the birds, clouds, stars, etc. , and enjoying all of life which passes under the sky. The sky is bent over us like an inverted cup and is blue in color; hence ‘blue cup’. All are welcome to join the jubilant; showing great joy, satisfaction, or triumph; rejoicing; exultant: the cheers of the jubilant victors; song of the great stars sweeping by. During the outpouring of the Heavenly wine we can continue to laugh, battle, work and drink for the Good-Lord shows His sign of joy on His dear green earth. Like brothers akin; of kin; related by blood (usually used predicatively): of the same family; Guesting; staying as guests; awhile in the rooms of a beautiful inn; the inn symbolizes this world. Glad till the dancing stop; be glad till you die; and the lilt; rhythmic swing or cadence: a lilting song or tune; of the music ends. Laugh till the game is played and be merry till the end.